Which term is used to describe permanent improvements on a property?

The term used to describe permanent improvements on a property is "fixtures." Fixtures refer to items that are attached to the property in such a way that they become a permanent part of it. This includes things like lighting, plumbing, and cabinetry that are installed as part of the structure of the property. When a property is sold, fixtures typically remain with the property, distinguishing them from personal property, which is movable and not permanently attached, such as furniture.

In contrast, land refers to the actual physical ground and does not specifically address improvements or installations. Utilities are services provided to a property, such as water, electricity, and gas, but they do not encompass the physical structures or improvements made. Liens represent a legal claim on a property, usually as a result of unpaid debts, and are unrelated to the concept of physical improvements. Therefore, "fixtures" accurately captures the idea of permanent improvements integral to the real estate context.