What are the two approaches to income valuation?

The correct answer reflects the two widely accepted approaches to income valuation, which are both critical for assessing the value of income-producing properties.

Direct capitalization involves determining a property's value by applying a capitalization rate to its expected income, typically based on a single year's income. This approach provides a snapshot of how much a property is worth based on its ability to generate income in the short term.

On the other hand, discounting future cash flows involves estimating all future income streams generated by the property over a certain period and then discounting those cash flows back to their present value at an appropriate discount rate. This method is particularly useful for properties with varying income over time or when the income stream is expected to change.

Understanding both approaches is essential for real estate professionals because they offer distinct methodologies for evaluating investment properties, helping buyers and investors make informed decisions based on potential income generation.